Amomum villosum induces longitudinal bone growth in adolescent female rats.
"Adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups and treated for 4 days: control (distilled water, p.o.), recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH; 100 microg/kg, s.c.), and A. villosum (500 mg/kg, p.o.) groups. On day 3, tetracycline (20 g/kg, i.p.) was injected for growth plate identification. On days 2, and 4, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) (50 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected to label proliferating cells. On day 5, tibias were dissected.
The rate of bone growth in the A. villosum and rhGH groups increased to (410 +/- 44) and (389 +/- 46) microm/day, respectively, as compared with the control (330.7 +/- 34.7) microm/day. The thickness of the growth plates also increased to (591 +/- 37) and (598 +/- 32) microm, respectively, as compared with the control (524 +/- 89) microm. The number of [proliferating] cells in the chondrocytes of the A. villosum and rhGH groups was also significantly higher (126 +/- 24) and (143 +/- 18) cells/mm2, respectively) than in the control (109 +/- 25) mm2. Insulin-like growth factor-1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the A. villosum and rhGH groups were highly expressed in the growth plate as compared with the control samples, indicating increased bone formation."
"A. villosum significantly
increased the tibial growth rate by 24.07% compared
to normal rats. This rate was more than the
17.60% of the rhGH"
"While
TGF-β is unable to initiate the entire osteoinduction
cascade by itself, BMP-2 uniquely exhibits an ectopic
bone formation property"
"long-term
GH treatment is expensive, and the final height gains
are small as compared with those of non-GH-deficient
children"
Effects of Amomum villosum on longitudinal bone growth in adolescent rats
[Study on phenolic constituents of Amomum villosum].
Longitudinal Bone Growth Stimulating Effect of Allium macrostemon in Adolescent Female Rats
Effects of Amomum villosum on longitudinal bone growth in adolescent rats
"The fruit of Amomum villosum has been used for an improvement of gastrointestinal motility in traditional Korean medicine. [A] herbal mixture containing A. villosum [is] used as medicine for malnutrition associated with growth retardation. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of A. villosum on longitudinal bone growth in adolescent rats. A. villosum was extracted with water for 3h at 100°C in a reflux apparatus. The A. villosum treated group (500mg/kg) and the control group (vehicle) were administered orally twice daily for 4 days. On day 3, tetracycline (20mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to form a fluorescent band on the growth plates. On days 2-4, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) (50mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally for labeling proliferating cells. A. villosum caused a significant acceleration of longitudinal bone growth, compared to control group. BrdU-positive cells were increased in the chondrocytes of the A. villosum group. The growth plate width was significantly increased, compared to control group. BMP-2 and IGF-1 were highly expressed in the hypertrophic and proliferative zone, respectively. A. villosum [may] increase longitudinal bone growth by stimulation of the chondrocyte hypertrophy and chondrogenesis, through regulation of IGF-1 and BMP signaling in the growth plate."
[Study on phenolic constituents of Amomum villosum].
"Five compounds were isolated from Amomum villosum. They were identified as: 3-ethoxy-hydroxy benzoic acid (1), vanillic acid-1-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2), isorhamnetin-3-beta-D-glucoside (3), flavanocoumarin (4), isoflavanocoumarin (5)." Benzoic Acid is in Curculigo Orchiodes and Benzoic Acid may be a BMP-2 stimulator. Glucosides are derived from glucose.
According to Flavanocoumarins from Guazuma ulmifolia bark and evaluation of their affinity for STAT1., flavanocoumarin can inhibit Stat1. STAT1 is a catabolic compound that may inhibit height.
isoflavanocoumarin and the glucopyranosyl ester are uncharacterized.
Amomum Villosum may increase height via Benzoic acid upregulation of BMP-2 or flavanocoumarin inhibition of STAT1. Or, there may be some novel function of the other three compounds. Also, since we can't access the full study we can't know if the increase in growth rate is due to the nutritional value of Amomum Villosum since calories do increase growth rate.
Allium marostemon is a similar compound that also increases IGF-1 and BMP-2.
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