. Arginine may help increase height via HGH, CARM-1(An arginine associated methyltransferase), and the Nitric Oxide Pathway. How can Ornithine affect height growth? Polyamine depletion inhibits apoptosis following blocking of survival pathways in human chondrocytes stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
"Chondrocyte apoptosis can be an important contributor to cartilage degeneration[and can cause a reduction in height growth], thereby making it a potential therapeutic target in articular diseases. To search for new approaches to limit chondrocytic cell death, we investigated the requirement of polyamines for apoptosis favored by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), using specific polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors in human chondrocytes. The combined treatment of C-28/I2 chondrocytes with TNF and cycloheximide (CHX) resulted in a prompt effector caspase activation and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Pre-treatment of chondrocytes with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitor, markedly reduced putrescine and spermidine content as well as the caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation induced by TNF and CHX. DFMO treatment also inhibited the increase in effector caspase activity provoked by TNF plus MG132, a proteasome inhibitor. DFMO decreased caspase-8 activity and procaspase-8 content, an apical caspase essential for TNF-induced apoptosis. Although DFMO increased the amount of active, phosphorylated Akt, inhibitors of the Akt pathway failed to restore the TNF-induced increase in caspase activity blunted by DFMO. DFMO also reduced the increase in caspase activity induced by staurosporine, but in this case Akt inhibition prevented the DFMO effect. Pre-treatment with CGP 48664, an S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) inhibitor markedly reduced spermidine and spermine levels, and provoked effects similar to those caused by DFMO. Finally DFMO was effective even in primary osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocyte cultures. These results suggest that the intracellular depletion of polyamines in chondrocytes can inhibit both the death receptor pathway by reducing the level of procaspase-8, and the apoptotic mitochondrial pathway by activating Akt."
Phosphorylation of Akt is good and height increasing substances like IGF-II increase phosphorylation of Akt. But anything that enhances TNF-alpha like Ornithine decarboxylase is bad. You can increase phosphorylation of Akt with methods other than Ornithine and avoid feed TNF-alpha with Ornithine decarboxylase.
Induction of ornithine decarboxylase in T/C-28a2 chondrocytes by lysophosphatidic acid: signaling pathway and inhibition of cell proliferation.
"Among several extracellular messengers tested, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) was able to cause the most marked induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in serum-starved human T/C-28a2 chondrocytes. LPA also induced the activation/phosphorylation of Src, Akt and p44/42 MAPK, and the translocation of PKC-delta from cytosol to membrane coupled to its tyrosine phosphorylation. Experiments with selective signaling inhibitors indicate that LPA leads to Src activation through Gi protein-coupled receptors. In turn Src can activate PI3K and PKC-delta, and all these signaling proteins are required for ODC induction. In conclusion these results show that chondrocytes may be a novel target for LPA action. However, although LPA is considered a mitogen for several cell types and ODC induction is generally correlated to cell growth, LPA was not able to stimulate chondrocyte growth, but rather exerted an anti-proliferative effect."
So the positive effects on ornithine decarboxylase on cell growth(Akt phosphorylation among other effects) are less than the negative effects of ornithine decarboxylase on TNF-alpha. Ornithine decarboxylase may reduce height growth! Although the negative effects of Ornithine Decarboxylase on TNF-Alpha and other inflammatories may be mitigated by anti-inflammatories.
Does Ornithine increase HGH?
Arginine and ornithine supplementation increases growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 serum levels after heavy-resistance exercise in strength-trained athletes.
"This placebo-controlled double-blind study was designed to investigate the effect of arginine and ornithine (arg and orn) supplementation during 3-week heavy-resistance training on serum growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1/insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (GH/IGF-1/IGFBP-3), testosterone, cortisol, and insulin levels in experienced strength-trained athletes. The subjects were randomly divided between a placebo group (n = 8) and the l-Arg/l-Orn-supplemented group (n = 9), and performed pre and posttraining standard exercise tests with the same absolute load, which consisted of the same exercise schedule as that applied in the training process. Fasting blood samples were obtained at rest, 2 minutes after the cessation of the strength exercise protocol, and after 1 hour of recovery. The resting concentrations of the investigated hormones and IGFBP-3 did not differ significantly between the study groups. In response to exercise test, all the hormones were elevated (p < 0.05) at both time points. Significant increases (p < 0.05) were observed in both GH and IGF-1 serum levels after arg and orn supplementation at both time points, whereas a significant decrease was seen in IGFBP-3 protein during the recovery period. Because there was no between-group difference in the remaining hormone levels, it appears that the GH/IGF-1/IGFBP-3 complex may be the major player in muscle tissue response to short-term resistance training after arg and orn supplementation."
Here's another study that supports arginine and ornithine's affects on HGH:
Arginine increases growth hormone gene expression in rat pituitary and GH3 cells.
"The effect of arginine (Arg) and Ornitargin (OT) [a compound containing the aminoacids Arg, citrulline (Cit) and ornithine (Orn)] administration upon growth hormone (GH) gene expression was studied both in vivo and in vitro (hemipituitaries and GH3 cells) by Northern blot analysis. For in vivo studies, adult male Wistar rats were anesthetized, subjected to i.v. infusion of 200 microl of 150 mM NaCl (control group), Arg (15 or 150 mg) or OT (15 mg of Arg, 1 mg of Cit and 4 mg of Orn) at a rate of 20 microl/min, and killed 50 min thereafter. For the in vitro studies, hemipituitaries or GH3 cells were incubated in 1 ml of appropriate medium containing Arg (15 or 150 mg) or OT (15 mg of Arg, 1 mg of Cit and 4 mg of Orn) for 60 min. The pituitaries of the in vivo and in vitro studies and GH3 cells were subsequently processed for RNA extraction. Total RNA was subjected to electrophoresis in agarose (1%)/formaldehyde gel, transferred to a nylon membrane and subjected to hybridization with a rat GH (32)P-cDNA, and (32)P-18S rRNA probe to correct for the variability in RNA loading. After autoradiography of the membrane, the abundance of GH mRNA and 18S rRNA bands was quantified by densitometry. The in vivo study demonstrated that Arg and OT infusion induced a 2.3-fold increase in GH mRNA expression, which could result from the Arg-mediated inhibition of somatostatin release. In addition, in vitro Arg, but not OT, induced GH gene expression in hemipituitaries and GH3 cells, indicating that the aminoacid can act per se at the pituitary somatotrope level. In conclusion, our data show for the first time that arginine stimulates GH gene expression in parallel to its recognized GH-releasing activity."
Note this is infusion of Ornithine and Arginine. Arginine may be better than Ornithine because of how Ornithine Decarboxylase "feeds" TNF-alpha. Arginine could also increase inflammation via Nitric Oxide. It's possible that Ornithine plus anti-inflammatories could increase height. There are tons of anti-inflammatories such as Phlomis Umbrosa and Eleutherococcus senticosus. You could also supplement with Folinic and Folic Acid to help prevent DNA damage. In puberty, I would worry about the anti-inflammatories first and then start taking growth boosters that cause inflammation like Arginine and Ornithine. You should never take Growth Flex V Pro, it is an overpriced vitamin supplement.
I read your review on the L-Arginine-Ornithine supplements. I don't quite understand what your saying about the DNA damage. Are you stating that high levels of L-Arginine-Ornithine will cause DNA damage?
ReplyDeleteNo the nitric oxide pathway may cause DNA damage so if you stimulate the nitric oxide pathway you need to up your anti-oxidant consumption and DNA protectors like Folic Acid
ReplyDelete