Increasing Height: The Lateral Synovial Joint Loading Theory

Increasing height is a complicated process thought by some to be impossible after puberty aside from distraction osteogenesis.  Bone adapts primarily by two mechanisms:  mechanical stimulation(termed mechanotransduction) and by stem cells.  Mechanical stimulation signals growth by enhancing gene expression(Sox9 and Beta-Catenin) and by various growth factors(like Transforming Growth Factor Beta).

Bone length variation occurs by a number of factors all of which in some way increase stem cell proliferation and differentiation, chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, or increasing the number of osteoblasts while inhibiting osteoclast activity.

The short bone is easy to grow.  The short bone is a bone with trabecular bone in the center, surrounded by cortical bone, which is then surrounded by the periosteum.  The short bone can grow by increasing stem cell proliferation and their differentiation into osteoblasts which deposit new cortical bone beneath the periosteum or by increasing the width of the periosteum itself.  You can release new stem cells by microfracture of the trabecular bone.  They have found bone adaptation in the absence of microfracture however.  Mechanical Loading can signal new bone growth.  Loading of the cartilage around the bone can signal growth factors too.

Long Bones are basically short bones but instead of one end being covered by cortical bone and periosteum, the end of the bone is covered by hyaline cartilage.  The diaphysis of the bone grows outward from this hyaline cartilage which then attaches to another epiphysis.  So essentially a long bone is a short bone sliced in two with a long rod in between.  The diaphysis grows from the hyaline cartilage.  Stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes, chondrocytes differentiate into larger chondrocytes, those chondryctes die to a lack of proper nutrients which are then replaced by bone(ossification).  This hyaline cartilage layer never dies(known as the growth plate line).

Long bones have the most potential to grow from the epiphysis although there is some growth potential within the diaphysis as shown by limb lengthening surgery.  All the methods available to short bones are available to long bones.  You can get larger ankles and wrists by mechanical loading.  Long bones also have the ability to grow from the hyaline cartilage.  Lateral Synovial Joint Loading puts a lateral compressive force on the epiphysis of long bones causing trabecular microfractures which release mesenchymal stem cells.  It also stimulates various growth factors by loading of the cartilage and the bone.  The compressive force also stimulates fluid flow which transports the stem cells to the hyaline cartilage growth plate line which then differentiate into chondrocytes and so on according to the growth factors.

Scientists have proven the ability to generate new growth plates from hyaline cartilage.  The growth plates start out "closed" and growth initiates due to arrival of stem cells into the hyaline cartilage and differentiation into chondrocytes.

HGH isn't responsible for making you taller and IGF-1 isn't responsible for making you taller with the exception of their effects on cellular proliferation and differentiation.  Stem cells make you taller.  The science of LSJL is all about using these stem cells to increase height whether to differentiate into osteoblasts in the short bones or chondrocytes in the long ones.