Prdm16

Gene expression changes in the secondary palate and mandible of Prdm16 ( -/- ) mice.

"Loss of Prdm16 expression in the mouse leads to a complete cleft of the secondary palate. We have now determined changes in gene expression in the secondary palates of Prdm16 ( -/- ) fetuses in an attempt to reveal the mechanism(s) leading to the failure of palate closure in these mice. Defined pathway-based polymerase chain reaction arrays were used to analyze the expression of genes associated with the extracellular matrix and the transforming growth factor-β and bone morphogenetic protein signaling networks, perturbations of which can lead to palatal clefting. Loss of Prdm16 expression in the secondary palate leads to alterations in numerous genes within these groups, many of which have been linked to chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. The expression of several genes linked to bone development was significantly changed in the developing secondary palate. Analysis of gene expression in the mandibles of Prdm16 ( -/- ) fetuses revealed similar alterations in the same gene set. Prdm16 [regulates] genes that play a role in the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into chondro-/osteocytes."

"PRDM16 forms a complex with both transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-specific Smad proteins"

"Prdm16 −/− fetuses have a smaller mandible"

Genes upregulated by PRDM16 knockout(combined data from soft palate and mandible):

Col2a1

Hapln1

MMP11

Sgce

Bmp1

GDF7

GDF6

Gsc

IL6

SHOX2(upregulated in the soft palate and downregulated in the mandile)

Col1a1

Acan

Down:

Osterix

Osteopontin

Alkaline Phasphatase